Instance

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In programming, an instance is a specific realization of an object or class. It represents a single, unique entity created based on a class blueprint, containing its own set of properties and methods defined by the class.

When a class is defined, it serves as a blueprint for creating objects. Each object created from the class is called an instance. Instances allow for the creation of multiple objects from the same class, each with its own set of attributes and behaviors.

Example: In JavaScript, instances are created using the new keyword followed by the class constructor:

// Define a class
class Car {
    constructor(make, model, year) {
        this.make = make;
        this.model = model;
        this.year = year;
    }

    displayInfo() {
        console.log(`${this.year} ${this.make} ${this.model}`);
    }
}

// Create instances of the class
const car1 = new Car('Toyota', 'Corolla', 2020);
const car2 = new Car('Honda', 'Civic', 2018);

// Call methods on the instances
car1.displayInfo(); // Output: 2020 Toyota Corolla
car2.displayInfo(); // Output: 2018 Honda Civic

In this example: