Number

A Number is a data type used to represent numerical values. In JavaScript, the Number type is used to handle both integer and floating-point values. JavaScript supports various operations on numbers, such as arithmetic operations, comparisons, and conversion between different types.

Examples:

JavaScript:

1. Creating Numbers:

   let integer = 42;
   let floatingPoint = 3.14;
   

2. Arithmetic Operations:

   let sum = 10 + 5;         // Addition
   let difference = 10 - 5;  // Subtraction
   let product = 10 * 5;     // Multiplication
   let quotient = 10 / 5;    // Division
   let remainder = 10 % 3;   // Modulus (remainder)
   
   console.log(sum);         // Output: 15
   console.log(difference);  // Output: 5
   console.log(product);     // Output: 50
   console.log(quotient);    // Output: 2
   console.log(remainder);   // Output: 1
   

3. Math Methods:

   let number = 3.14159;
   
   // Rounding
   console.log(Math.round(number));   // Output: 3
   console.log(Math.floor(number));   // Output: 3
   console.log(Math.ceil(number));    // Output: 4
   
   // Power and Square Root
   console.log(Math.pow(2, 3));       // Output: 8 (2^3)
   console.log(Math.sqrt(16));        // Output: 4
   
   // Random Number
   console.log(Math.random());        // Output: Random number between 0 and 1
   

4. Number Conversions:

   let stringNumber = "42";
   let convertedNumber = Number(stringNumber);
   console.log(convertedNumber);      // Output: 42
   
   let parsedInteger = parseInt("42");
   let parsedFloat = parseFloat("3.14");
   console.log(parsedInteger);        // Output: 42
   console.log(parsedFloat);          // Output: 3.14
   

5. Handling Special Numeric Values:

   let infinity = Infinity;
   let negativeInfinity = -Infinity;
   let notANumber = NaN;
   
   console.log(infinity);             // Output: Infinity
   console.log(negativeInfinity);     // Output: -Infinity
   console.log(notANumber);           // Output: NaN