Overrides

Overrides refer to the concept in object-oriented programming where a subclass provides a specific implementation for a method that is already defined in its super class. The overridden method in the subclass takes precedence over the method in the super class when invoked on an instance of the subclass.

When a method is overridden, the subclass method has the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the super class. This allows the subclass to provide a specific behavior for the method while still maintaining the same interface. Overriding is a key feature of polymorphism in object-oriented programming, enabling dynamic method dispatch and allowing subclasses to tailor inherited methods to their specific needs.

Example:

Here is an example in JavaScript, demonstrating the concept of method overriding:

// Super class
class Animal {
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  speak() {
    console.log(`${this.name} makes a sound.`);
  }
}

// Subclass that overrides the speak method
class Dog extends Animal {
  constructor(name) {
    super(name); // Call the super class constructor
  }

  // Overriding the speak method
  speak() {
    console.log(`${this.name} barks.`);
  }
}

// Creating instances of the super class and subclass
const genericAnimal = new Animal('Generic Animal');
genericAnimal.speak(); // Output: Generic Animal makes a sound.

const dog = new Dog('Rex');
dog.speak(); // Output: Rex barks.

In this example:

• The Animal class has a speak method that outputs a generic message.
• The Dog class extends Animal and overrides the speak method to provide a specific message for dogs.
• When speak is called on an instance of Dog, the overridden method in the Dog class is executed, demonstrating method overriding.